Facile ..
a=bq+r Donc 2^a - 1 = 2^(bq+r) -1 = 2^(bq).2^r -1 = (2^(bq) -1).2^r +2^r -1
Or : x^n - 1 = (x-1)(x^(n-1) + ..... + 1)
--> 2^(bq) - 1= (2^b - 1)(........................)
Donc : 2^a - 1= (2^b - 1)(.................).2^r + 2^r-1
Pose : q=(.................).2^r ===> 2^a - 1= (2^b - 1)q + 2^r-1